October 8, 1978STURP Scientific ExaminationSTURP carried out the first large-scale direct scientific examination of the Shroud in 1978, but its influential findings did not settle authenticity or image formation.Science
October 13, 1988Turin Press Conference on the Radiocarbon ResultsCardinal Ballestrero communicated the 1988 radiocarbon date range and addressed interpretation, faith, and ongoing scientific questions.History
October 13, 1988British Museum Press Conference on the Radiocarbon ResultsA reconstructed English press-conference exchange presenting the 1988 radiocarbon date range of AD 1260 to 1390 for the tested Shroud sample.History
September 1, 2019Radiocarbon Raw-Data ReanalysisA reanalysis of the 1988 radiocarbon raw data raises questions about sample homogeneity and statistical consistency.Science